Stars and stellar evolution up to the Second World War
The legacy of the nineteenth century
The classification of stellar spectra
Stellar structure and evolution
The end points of stellar evolution
The large-scale structure of the Universe 1900-1939
The Galaxy and the nature of the spiral nebulae
The origins of astrophysical cosmology
The opening up of the electromagnetic spectrum
The opening up of the electromagnetic spectrum and the new astronomies
The astrophysics of stars and galaxies since 1945
Stars and stellar evolution
The physics of the interstellar medium
The physics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies
Astrophysical cosmology since 1945 tAstrophysical cosmology
The determination of cosmological parameters
The evolution of galaxies and active galaxies with cosmic epoch
The origin of galaxies and the large-scale structure of the Universe
