John Adams : a church-going sage
James Madison : champion of religious liberty
John Quincy Adams : a republic of virtue
Andrew Jackson : providentialist president
William McKinley : America as God's instrument
Herbert Hoover : individual faithfulness and cooperative association
Harry S. Truman : the Golden Rule president
Richard Nixon : a private and enigmatic faith
George H.W. Bush : "One nation under God"
Bill Clinton : sin, atonement, and repairing the breach
Barack Obama : "We are our brother's keeper."