Liberty and the Revolution of 1688: The ideal of liberty as independence: The affirmation of the ideal ; The Republican provenance of the ideal ; The legal provenance of the ideal
The legitimacy of the revolution debated: The securing of liberty celebrated ; The betrayal of liberty denounced
Liberty as independence: The ideal entrenched: Towards the Whig idea of a free state: The Whigs and their opponents ; The Whig victory
The Whig vision of a free society: Legal equality and the protection of rights ; The spirit of liberty
Liberty as independence: The ideal betrayed: The persistence of dependence: The plight of women and slaves ; The maladministration of justice ; The spirit of servility
The continuing use of arbitrary power: The despotic potential of public debt ; Arbitrary imprisonment and arbitrary taxation.
The Revolutionary Response
A new view of liberty: The new view and its provenance: The Continental European sources ; The coming of the new view to Britain
The new view affirmed: Liberty as absence of restraint ; Liberty as Independence: The alleged confusions ; Liberty as Independence: The unacceptable implications
The rival views in contestation: Liberty as independence reaffirmed: The critics criticised ; The French Revolution and the right to liberty
The new view entrenched: The Conservative response ; The Liberal response ; The Liberal victory
