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From Indians to Chicanos: the dynamics of Mexican-American culture
Author
Publisher
Waveland Press
Publication Date
c1998
Language
English
Description
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Table of Contents
From the Book - 2nd ed.
1. Introduction Why a dynamic history? Macrohistorical evolution and the six C's model of culture change Theoretical implications for the present day References Stage I. Pre-Columbian period 30,000 B.C. to A.D. 1519 1. Human evolution in Mesoamerica Ecological adaptation Agricultural revolution Refinement of sociocultural life Olmecs, mother culture Chichimecas, migration from Aztlan Notes 2. Intact and stable social order Class : nobility supported by commoners Land system Social classes and life Rise of the state Confederacy and trade Culture : pantheon of gods, moral order, and literary tradition Education Religious practices and moral code Color : intragroup racism Culture as a basis for oppression 3. Breakup and transformation of the social order Contact : conquerors seek riches Background to exploration and discovery Cortes begins conquest Montezuma and the legend of Quetzalcoatl Mexico-Tenochtitlan Conflict : destruction of Tenochtitlan Causes of Aztec defeat Friction over land and religious practices Change : colonial practices begin Adoption of Christianity Religious syncretism Initial changes in land, labor, and wealth Missionary program Beginnings of instability References
Stage II. Spanish colonial era 1521 to 1821 4. Intact and stable social order Class : haciendas and debt peons Spanish motives Encomienda Repartimiento Hacienda system and debt peonage Social role of hacendados Life of the debt peons : Mechicanos Rationale of the social classes Culture : Hispanicization and Mestizaje Shift in cultural orientation Introduction of Catholicism Mestizaje : cultural blending Cultural resistance and marginality Problems of adaptation Political structure Education : a double standard Native reactions and resultant problems Color : roots of racism and racial barriers Ethnocentrism and development Mestizaje : racial mixture Mestizo mentality Race and social class Effects of racism Racism and group conflicts 5. Breakup and transformation of the social order Contact : enlightment Background to the enlightenment Revolutionary beginnings Enlightenment legacy Conflict : independence Liberals vs. conservatives 1810 : El Grito de Dolores 1821 : peace Change : experimentation and nationalism Age of the caudillo Early difficulties Conflict over Indian program References
Stage III. Mexican independence and nationalism, 1821 to 1846 6. Intact and stable social order Class : ideological struggle between liberals and conservatives Mexico under Criollos Peasant conditions Republicas de Indios Haciendas Peasant economy and ideological changes The role of women Events in Northern Mexico Economic enterprises in the North Breakup of California missions Variations of the system in New Mexico Rancho life Mexican Texas Culture : budding Mexicanismo First steps toward national unity Psychocultural aspects of peasantry Decline of cultural imperialism Cultural variant in Northern Mexico Economic influence on cultural patterns Color : Mestizaje and lingering racism First challenges to racism Problems of redefinition Role of Mestizos Race and class linkages Indians in the North 7. Breakup and transformation of the social order Contact : Anglo-American expansionism Roots of contact Expansionist tradition in the United States Background to American takeover Repercussions of annexation Conflict : end of the Mexican-American War, continuation of strife Texas as prelude Texas annexation and intrigue Declaration of war Skirmishes and resistance Outlaws or "social bandits"? Conflict as pattern Change : new system for Mexican-Americans Treaty of 1848 Ethnic rivalry and hostility Roots of friction : economic competition Variance in treatment of Mexicans New dimension to a sense of inferiority Basis of new cultural blending Cultural accommodation or disintegration Growth of economy Adaptation strategies References
Stage IV. Anglo-American period 1846 to 1960s
8. Intact and stable social order
Class : industrialism and urbanization
Background to capitalism, roots of inequality
Chicano role in the economy
Effects of the 1910 Revolution on the United States : the push-pull factor
LIfe in an urban environment
Internal colonialism
Depression, repatriation, and post-World War II mobility
Failure of the political system
Culture : assimilation vs. nativist acculturation
The shifts and pulls of middle-class American culture and the ebbs and tides of Mexican immigration
Contrast between American and Mexican culture
Strategies and problems of adaptation
New syncretism : pachucos
Separatism
Mexican background : effect of time and place on culture and identity
Strengths and weaknesses of Mexican culture
Aspects of cultural imperialism
Insensitive educational practices
Color : inter- and intragroup racism
Ethnocentrism
Roots of prejudice and discrimination
"Pigmentocracy"
Institutional racism
Public barriers
Reactions to mistreatment
Reverse racists
Roots of intragroup racism
9. Breakup and transformation of the social order
Contact : civil rights ferment
Shaping the Chicanos
Effects of modern urban industrial system
Precursors of change
Nature of inequality
Conflict : 1960s Chicano movement
Movement background
Groups and actions
Consciousness-raising
Step-up in militancy : Aztlan nation
August 29 moratorium
Comparisons with other groups and counterreactions
Factionalism and aftermath of the conflict
Change : 1970s and beyond
State of the people
Chicanozaje
Chicano arts
Educational transformations
Revolution or reform?
Social class and gender equality
United States, Mexico, and undocumented immigrants
Growing Chicano strength
Chicanos : nativist acculturationists
References
Conclusion
A look to the future : 1990s onward
The intersection of history and culture change
Lessons from each stage : continuity and change
Contemporary stage, growing awareness
Economic forces and human expansion
Sociocultural change : the sequence of complexity
Structural ideology
Legacies of the past : patterns and problems
Residue of centuries of history
References.
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Author Notes
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Subjects
Subjects
History
Indians of Mexico
Indians of Mexico -- History
Indians of Mexico -- Social conditions
Indians of North America
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- History
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- Social conditions
Mexican Americans
Mexican Americans -- Social conditions
Mexico -- Race relations
Race relations
Social conditions
Southwest, New -- Race relations
Indians of Mexico
Indians of Mexico -- History
Indians of Mexico -- Social conditions
Indians of North America
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- History
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- Social conditions
Mexican Americans
Mexican Americans -- Social conditions
Mexico -- Race relations
Race relations
Social conditions
Southwest, New -- Race relations
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ISBN
9780881339765
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